PHGDH and arthritic joint disease: For example, studies on the NZ Green-lipped mussel extract Lyprinol®, in a rat model for arthritis, have demonstrated that it modulates inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1α, and IL-γ) and decreases the synthesis of some proteins associated with inflammation, whilst increasing malate dehydrogenase synthesis, which is related to glucose metabolism [50].