Whole animal Saa1-/-Saa2-/- double knockout mice (which still possess Saa3 –an acute extra-hepatic SAA that is a pseudogene in humans) and whole animal Saa3-/- knockout mice are both sensitive to chemically-induced enterocolitis [64, 85], suggesting SAA protects against intestinal inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene SAA1 and enterocolitis.