As detailed above, damage to ER-mitochondria signaling has been associated with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and FTD/ALS and for Parkinson’s disease and FTD/ALS this can involves disruption of the VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers [1, 23, 24, 33, 34, 45, 46]. Here, VAPB is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.