CCL5 and prostate carcinoma: We demonstrated that PKD2 and PKD3 played a critical role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and defined a novel model in which PKD2 and PKD3 activate Erk1/2 and NF-κB in prostate cancer cells through promoting SCF, CCL5, and CCL11 expression, which further promote MCs recruitment and expression of angiogenic factors consequently, leading to tumor angiogenesis (Fig. 6e).