Our main findings were the following: (1) MIF levels in serum were higher in PTB cases than those of in normal controls; (2) high MIF levels were associated with advanced disease, disseminated and drug-resistant TB; (3) high levels of MIF at admission were related to the elevated risk of mortality in the following 12 months, thus it may be available in predicting the risk of TB associated death; (4) those results have been proven by validated group. Here, MIF is linked to tuberculosis.