Therefore, despite the significant therapeutic effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the authors suggested that TKI-refractory CML patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation may benefit from anti-E-selectin treatment to block engraftment of leukemia-initiating cells persisting in the autologous HSC graft, while favoring engraftment of “healthy” CD34+ counterparts. Here, SELE is linked to chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.