IPMK and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In summary, we present two signaling cascades, IPMK-AMPK-H4K16 andIPMK-AMPK-ULK, that regulate transcription and ULK phosphorylation to initiateautophagy (Figure S7E).IPMK positively regulates lipophagy and is also essential for cytoprotection of theliver and hepatocyte regeneration (Figures 7A-7F).Autophagy has been implicated in numerous conditions, such as neurodegenerativediseases, cocaine toxicity (Guha et al.,2016; Galluzzi et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2011), cancer, and obesity (Haim et al., 2015).