For example, Fienberg and colleagues are trying to selectively inhibit the domains of the ACE protein to treat fibrosis and hypertension (Fienberg et al. 2018); Ding et al. are developing dual inhibitors of EGFR and PI3K α as an approach against tumours (Ding et al. 2018); similarly, early-phase trials suggest that therapies targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway can be used in patients with advanced cancers (Janku et al. 2013). This evidence concerns the gene ACE and cancer.