They are believed to worsen hypertension by (a) inhibition of antihypertensive drugs (e.g., angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers) [47], (b) activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as a result of NSAID-induced acute renal failure, or (c) aggravation of preexisting renal dysfunction [48]. The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is acute kidney injury.