NFKB1 and cancer: Other NSAID COX-independent strategies in cancer therapy include modulation of cGMP phosphodiesterase signaling, inhibition of NF-κB signaling, inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase, induction of PPARγ promoter activity, suppression of Akt signaling, and inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis (reviewed by Gurpinar et al.)[67].