In the case of TDP-43, Furukawa et al. have reported that the transduction of pre-formed, sarkosyl-insoluble, fibrillar aggregates of the recombinantly expressed full-length TDP-43 into the HEK293T cells expressing TDP-43, induces the aggregation of the endogenous TDP-43 into detergent-insoluble and ubiquitinated inclusions, similar to those observed in the ALS patients (Furukawa et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.