Altered levels of BDNF have been observed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex following psychostimulant exposure, and changes in BDNF levels may be correlated with the therapeutic mechanism of action for ADHD medications and neuronal plasticity (Banerjee et al., 2009; Fumagalli et al., 2010; Scherer et al., 2010; Quintero, 2013; Schmidt et al., 2013; Andersen and Sonntag, 2014; Laricchiuta et al., 2018) as well as spatial learning (Radecki et al., 2005; Kulikov et al., 2014; Petzold et al., 2015). Here, BDNF is linked to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.