Fourth, subgroups of MR-AKI were not stratified by chemotherapy, hypoalbuminaemia, and nephrotoxins such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, or traditional Chinese herbal medicine, as these data were unavailable although such factors are related causes of AKI. Here, ACE is linked to acute kidney injury.