Thus, the down-regulation of p47 is an important mechanism for the constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway in ATLL cells along with HTLV-1/Tax, and CADM1 is one of the important target genes for NF-κB activation during leukemogenesis after HTLV-1 infection, which may render CADM1 as a specific cell surface marker for HTLV-1-infected T-cells. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.