The main objectives of the present study were: (i) to observe the morphology of bone tissue under electron microscope after comprehensive intervention; (ii) to compare the BMD and bone metabolism markers among four groups; and (iii) to explore the effect of AAT with TGP on the expressions of the TGF‐β1 and Smad‐2/3 signaling pathway in ovariectomized osteoporosis Rats. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is osteoporosis.