However, prolonged activation of IRE‐1α and CHOP can induce widespread cell apoptosis in various neurodegenerative disorders including TBI, cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease (Kim et al., 2008; Larner et al., 2006; Szegezdi, Logue, Gorman, & Samali, 2006). Here, DDIT3 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.