CGA and neoplasm: Immunohistochemical analysis for the S-type marker VIM in frozen tumor tissues demonstrated VIM was expressed in 72.7±5.7% cells from SH-SY5Y shRNA CgA bearing animals (n=4) compared to 2.6±0.5% in SH-SY5Y nonsense control tumors (n=4, P<0.01, Fig. 6D), and VIM mRNA expression was also elevated in tumors from shRNA CgA group (n=3) compared to those from nonsense control (n=2, nonsense versus shRNA CgA 1.0±0.1 versus 13.3±1.1, P<0.005, Fig. 6D).