Recent analyses of pre-treatment immune-excluded urothelial cancers and human melanomas, revealed enrichment for a transcriptomic signature of TGFβ signaling [16] and TGFβ-driven mechanisms, such as EMT and immunosuppression [13], in patients with poor clinical outcomes following subsequent blockade of the PD-1/PDL-1 axis. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is melanoma.