Similar to IDO1 expression levels response, we found that TGF-β1 was significantly upregulated in women with repeated C. trachomatis infection, as well as in women post-antibiotic treatment, in comparison to C. trachomatis positive women with single infection (p < 0.0209 and p < 0.0001 respectively). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is infection.