ATP7A and neoplasm: We also extended our studies to examine the functional activity of the two enantiomers of VNLG-152R (termed VNLG-152E1 and VNLG-152E2), compared with racemic VNLG-152R with respect to growth inhibition and Mnk-eIF4E signaling in TNBC cell subtypes, in vivo toxicity, pharmacokinetic in mice, and anti-tumor efficacy in TNBC xenograft models.