The treatment of NOD mice with probiotic strains belonging to families Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae and genus Streptococcus thermophilus has been shown to ameliorate T1D via positive modulation of gut microbiota composition and reduced intestinal inflammation by maintaining gut immune homeostasis and inhibiting IL-1β expression [73]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and type 1 diabetes mellitus.