TNF and coronary artery disorder: The expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), are higher in the EAT of patients with coronary heart disease than in subcutaneous fat of the same individuals, and the pathological enlargement of EAT correlates significantly with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk [10].