Particularly genetic variants tagging PICALM consistently associate with dementia in GWAS [16, 30, 33–35], and this signal is one of the most consistent after the ε4 allele of APOE (apolipoprotein E gene) [29], an association first recognized in 1993 [36] and since validated globally [2, 3, 16, 30, 31, 35, 37]. The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is dementia.