HP and gastroesophageal reflux disease: Wex et al have shown that zonulin is not increased in the cardiac and esophageal mucosa of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.9 In line with this, Gereds et al. proposed that Zonulin may not be a marker of autoimmunity in patients with psoriasis.10 Lukaszyk et al. also concluded that Zonulin cannot be considered as an inflammatory marker in chronic kidney disease (CKD).11 It does not play a role in the disturbances of iron metabolism in CKD.