NF1 and Cafe-au-lait spot: Type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) is caused by heterozygous mutations in the NF1 gene (Gutmann et al., 2017), and it is characterized by pigmentary lesions (café au lait spots, Lisch nodules, freckling) and cutaneous neurofibromas (Friedman, 1993; Montani et al., 2011).