MAFA and diabetes mellitus: We have shown that ADMSCs can be effectivelydifferentiated into IPCs through the overexpressionof MafA. The IPCs obtained via the novel protocol,exhibited the gene expression pattern that mimicspancreatic development, suggesting this in vitro modelmay be a useful method to induce or increase pancreaticendocrine cell differentiation and may have the potentialto be a novel approach for producing ß-islet cells for thecell-based diabetes therapy.