TLR9 and Miyoshi myopathy: It was also showed that the ligands of TLR4 and TLR9, i.e. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CpG oligonucleotides respectively, promoted the growth of MM cells which could be attenuated by blocking NF-κB and IL-6 activities7; however, there has been no mechanistic explanation for this effect in MM cells.