TLR4 and Miyoshi myopathy: To determine whether the increased MM cells proliferation after LPS treatment was due to LPS-mediated TLR4 activation, cells were pre-treated with a TLR4 inhibitor (TAK-242) for 24 h before stimulation with LPS for another 24 h; this inhibitor acts by blocking the intracellular signaling domain of TLR4 and potently suppresses ligand-dependent and -independent TLR4 signaling.