Studies in murine models of obesity have shown that chronic treatment (2 weeks to 4 months) with BAIBA leads to a decline in body fat mass [22,23,48], induction of adipose tissue “browning” [22], increasing insulin sensitivity [22,23,24] and FFA oxidation [23,46,48] with lowering [24,49] or neutral [48,49] effects on plasma lipid levels, suggesting that the metabolic effects of BAIBA are not limited to the settings of the NRTI-induced peripheral fat loss. Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.