Based on the current findings, ginsenoside Rb1 can lower glucose, increase insulin sensitivity, and regulate lipid metabolism, while also alleviating the occurrence of T2DM-related complications [36,90], including a progressive decline in β-cell function [84], HG-induced kidney damage or diabetic nephropathy [91], HG-induced nerve damage or diabetic encephalopathy [92,93], and diabetic cardiovascular complications [91,94,95]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetic encephalopathy.