Recently, Seo et al. provided evidence that certain members of the microbiota, especially P. mirabilis, can respond to the induction of DSS-induced colitis by inducing robust NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production in recruited inflammatory macrophages, when then promotes IL-1β-dependent inflammation and damage in the intestine [27]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is colitis.