For all comparisons (DTCM versus follow-up, DTCM versus placebo), the quality of evidence ranged from low to very low (the rate of hr-HPV clearance; the regression rate of CIN; and the impact on the level of TNF-α, IFN-α, and CD4+/CD8+cells were analyzed). Here, TNF is linked to cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.