PRDM6 and Patent ductus arteriosus: The association of increased arsenic exposure with reduced expression of PRDM6 in our results suggests that prenatal exposure to arsenic may increase the risk of PDA via inhibition of PRDM6. Consistent with this hypothesis, increased incidence of PDA (also called ductus Botalli persistens) was associated with maternal arsenic exposure through drinking water in a study from Hungary [36], and with increased particulate matter air pollution (of which arsenic is a common constituent) in Atlanta, USA, and Lanzhou, China [37, 38].