TTR and chronic kidney disease: The circulating concentrations of MBG are significantly increased in virtually all patients undergoing dialysis for ESRD.[18–21] Higher MBG immunoreactivity has been associated with worse all-cause mortality in hemodialyzed patients.[22] Endogenous CTS served as biomarkers for acute kidney injury during elective cardiac surgery.[23] Furthermore, MBG may be responsible for many of the clinical features of experimental uremic cardiomyopathy, suggesting that MBG may be at least a potential marker of renal impairment and of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD).[17]