Unlike ATGL and DGAT1, PEDF protein, which, in addition to its role in promoting lipolysis by binding to ATGL, has also anti-tumor activity, was downregulated in both cancer cell lines when compared to NHPrE (LNCaP vs NHPrE: 57.2 ± 1.2 vs 72.3 ± 0.8; P < 0.01; PC-3 vs NHPrE: 38.6 ± 1.6 vs 72.3 ± 0.8; P < 0.01) (Fig. 1D). This evidence concerns the gene PNPLA2 and cancer.