Soluble markers of inflammation, such as interleukin (IL)-6, soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha receptor I and II, soluble CD14 and soluble CD163 and cellular markers of immune activation, such as HLA-DR/CD38 co-expressing T cells remain elevated in these individuals and are associated with morbid AIDS and non-AIDS events, including death [1-4]. The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is AIDS.