IL-1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine extensively involved in many diseases (Dinarello et al., 2012) and has been described to play a major role in inflammatory episodes leading to preterm birth (PTB) (Romero et al., 1989; Yoshimura and Hirsch, 2005; Puchner et al., 2011; Nadeau-Vallée et al., 2015) and its associated sequela of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (Rivera et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and retinopathy of prematurity.