Interestingly, dFmr1 is also involved in the piRNA pathway in the Drosophila gonads as well as in the DNA damage response in Drosophila and mouse (Zhang et al., 2012; Alpatov et al., 2014; Bozzetti et al., 2015) These findings provide a direct link between dFmr1/FMRP (from here onward, we will name dFmr1 the Drosophila protein as FMRP the mammalian protein) and genome instability, which may represent the common denominator for the multiple phenotypes described in the Fragile-X syndrome and in animal models for the disease. Here, FMR1 is linked to fragile X syndrome.