In the CNS, the physiological function of AC3 is yet to be established, but multiple lines of genetic evidence have associated AC3 with major depressive disorder (MDD) (Wray et al., 2012), obesity (Nordman et al., 2008; Stergiakouli et al., 2014), and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (Skafidas et al., 2014; Yuen et al., 2017) in humans. The gene discussed is ADCY3; the disease is autism spectrum disorder.