RIPK3 and cholestasis: Necroptosis, mediated by receptor-interacting protein serine-threonine kinases-3 (RIPK3) and its substrate, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), is a recently characterized form of regulated necrosis that contributes to the development of non-pathogen-related inflammatory diseases, such as intestinal inflammation10, ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) in the brain11 and cholestasis involving liver injury and inflammation12.