Importantly, several significant pathological phenotypes were developed in different transgenic mice (expressing distinct mutants of loss-of-function of Nrf1), including embryonic lethality, fetal anemia, lipid metabolic disorder, obesity, fatty liver, NASH, liver cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes, Warbug effect with high glycolysis. Here, NRF1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.