MMP9 and glioblastoma: To investigate whether GSK-3β/β-catenin/Twist is required for AF38469-inhibited GBM invasion and EMT-like transition, we first treated U87 cells with SB216763 and found this inhibitor significantly decreased T-cadherin expression, while increasing the levels of N-cadherin, vimentin, MMP-9, and Twist, indicating that SB216763 accelerated the EMT-like transition of GBM (Fig. 6a, b).