In addition, with TGFβ1 acting pro-proliferative in VSMCs it was recently demonstrated that pioglitazone even reversed PAH in TGFβ1-overexpressing mice [50] and in the SU5416/hypoxia (SuHx) rat model by normalizing epigenetic and transcriptional regulation [51]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.