NETosis can be stimulated by infectious and inflammatory agents (e.g., higher numbers of bacteria per neutrophil, high concentration of lipopolysaccharide or LPS, pyocyanin, protozoa, fungi, viruses) or host-derived factors, such as granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), complement component 5a (C5a), activated platelets and singlet oxygen molecules as a result of infection, and inflammation [127,161,166,173,174,175,176]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is infection.