It has been shown that the hypofunction of Kir4.1 channels in astrocytes was involved in various epileptic disorders including not only epilepsy models in animals [13,14], but also EAST/SeSAME syndrome with KCNJ10 mutations [10,11,12] and TLE in humans [15,16,17]. The gene discussed is KCNJ10; the disease is EAST syndrome.