CXCL12 and plasma cell myeloma: In hematological malignancies, the cross-talk among lymphoma, myeloma and leukemia cells and their microenvironments is mediated via CXCL12 and its receptors [114] and interference with CXCL12 signaling not only directly inhibits leukemic cell proliferation, but also mobilizes leukemic-lymphoma cells from their niches improving the efficacy of conventional treatments [115].