A second study carried out on a large set of MDS patients undergoing AML progression showed that the FLT3, PTPN11, WT1, IDH1, NPM1, IDH2 and NRAS (neuroblastoma-rat sarcoma) mutations (type-1 mutations) were enriched in sAMLs and tended to be newly acquired and were associated with faster sAML progression and shorter overall survival. Here, NPM1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.