The study of the effect of various XIAP inhibitors (dequalinium chloride or embelin) supported a major role for XIAP in protecting AML cells from apoptosis; particularly, these agents induced differentiation and impaired clonogenic capacity of primary AML cells [303] and synergized with TRAIL in inducing apoptosis of AML blasts [304]. This evidence concerns the gene XIAP and acute myeloid leukemia.