Abelson and coworkers have analyzed a population of healthy individuals with benign ARCH and a population of pre-AML ARCHs and observed remarkable differences between these two groups: pre-AML samples had more mutations per sample, higher variant allele frequencies, suggesting greater clonal expansion, and showed mutations in specific genes (U2AF1 (small nuclear RNA auxillary factor 1), TP53, SRSF2) [12]. This evidence concerns the gene U2AF1 and acute myeloid leukemia.