TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Although TDP-43 carries the nuclear localization signals (NLS) in the N-terminal region and nuclear export signals (NES) in the middle region, it localizes in the cytoplasm to form aggregates in a variety of brain regions of patients with ALS, FTLD [5, 27, 35], and other pathological conditions [8, 9, 17, 23, 33, 48].