NF‐E2‐related factor 2 directly activates six genes involved in PPP and NADPH production pathway, including G6PD, PGD, TKT, TALDO1 and malic enzyme 1 (ME1), through binding of this transcription factor to AREs of these gene promoters.11 The metabolic reprogramming provides energy and metabolites to facilitate rapid growth and proliferation of cancer cells. This evidence concerns the gene PGD and cancer.