Pirfenidone is an orally active pyridone small molecule with known anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antioxidant properties that has proven to reduce fibroblast proliferation and block TGF-β-stimulated collagen synthesis; it has been approved for the treatment of mild to moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, disease in which it was associated with modest improvement in function (IPF) [22]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.