Angiogenic factors such as PDGF, VEGF and its receptors, ET-1, TGF-β, the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptors are upregulated, despite the lack of adequate angiogenic responses in ischemic tissues in patients with SSc [101]. Here, CCL2 is linked to systemic sclerosis.