Type I IFNs comprise a large family of cytokines that includes several types of IFNα and two types of IFNβ proteins which all signal through the common IFNα receptor (IFNAR) that consists of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 chains which signal via STAT-1 and STAT-2 (88, 89) to mediate diverse functions during many infections (90). The gene discussed is IFNAR1; the disease is infection.