Polymorphisms in the IFNAR1 gene have been associated with increased risk of severe malaria in The Gambia (91, 92), while a whole-brain transcriptional analysis in genetically resistant and susceptible inbred mice infected with P. berghei ANKA identified type I IFN-dependent transcriptional program associated with the pathogenesis of severe malaria ECM (93). The gene discussed is IFNAR1; the disease is malaria.